浅析系船浮筒锚链的静力计算问题

采用静力计算方法对浮筒系泊系统的悬链进行研究,针对单锚链和多锚链系统进行受力分析,提出适用于单锚链和多锚链的简化计算公式,并根据实际工程案例进行简化计算公式的验证,可为类似工程的受力分析和计算提供参考。     

旅大32-2MOP吸力桩平台安装技术

海洋平台需通过桩基与海床固定,桩基根据安装工艺不同分为:打桩桩、钻孔桩和吸力桩;随着海洋工程的发展,吸力桩越来越广泛地用作为系泊系统、水下生产系统及自安装式平台的桩基。以旅大32-2系缆平台为例,对吸力桩平台吸水灌入工艺进行介绍,可提供以后类似工程借鉴和参考。     

系泊船舶运动响应周期试验研究

针对国内外系泊船舶物理模型试验中所给系泊船舶运动响应周期特征参数的不同,对横向波浪作用下一艘26.6×104 m3系泊LNG船舶的运动响应周期特性进行物理模型试验研究。结果表明,半载状态下,纵移运动存在着32 s的自振周期;横移运动为周期性间歇增长运动,横移运动周期与系泊船舶固有横摇周期的比值在1.11～1.23,大体上随波浪周期增大成倍数增长;横摇运动峰值随波浪周期增大而增大,横摇运动周期与系泊船舶固有横摇周期的比值在1.23～1.48,大体上随波浪周期增大成倍数增长;不同装载状态下回转运动均存在着较长的自振周期:半载状态为30 s,满载状态为32 s。     

开敞式码头系泊缆绳的优化研究

运用OPTIMOOR系泊软件,以减小环境荷载作用下船舶运动量及均衡缆绳张力分布为优化目标,结合江苏某港10万吨级石化码头,通过对比不同的缆绳材质、调整缆绳长度、调节缆绳预张力来优化开敞式码头系泊缆绳的布置。计算结果表明:增加缆绳长度可降低缆绳张力,设置尾缆能显著降低系泊钢缆的动力负荷,减少船舶的运动量;施加合理大小的预张力能有效降低船舶的位移量,均衡缆绳张力;建议大船主缆选用钢缆。     

多成份缆索静力特性测量及调整

针对一工作水深为160m的转塔式FPSO的系泊缆索,研究了在空气中测量和调整多成份系泊缆索静力特性的方法,并在模型试验水池中测量了经过调整的系泊缆索的静力特性,其结果与期望值符合程度令人满意.因此,可认为采用此法测量及调整多成分缆索的静力特性是适宜的.     

浮码头与旁靠船舶的运动响应特性研究

本文基于三维势流理论，采用数值分析方法研究了浮码头与散货船旁靠系泊的运动特性。考虑缆绳和护舷的非线性特性，探求了波浪周期对浮体运动、系缆力的影响规律。研究结果表明：考虑间隙内水体运动影响，旁靠散货船在横浪条件下的纵摇和纵荡运动有所增大。浮码头在计算工况下，缆绳受力较大，在某些工况条件下超出了国际系缆力标准的要求，旁靠散货船的缆绳在计算工况下均未超标，满足要求。研究结果为浮码头系泊系统的设计及工程运营提供理论参考。     

A survey on modeling and control of thruster-assisted position mooring systems

This review presents a systematic summary of the state-of-the-art development of technological solutions, modeling, and control strategies of thruster-assisted position mooring (TAPM) systems. The survey serves as a starting point for exploring automatic control and real-time monitoring solutions proposed for TAPM systems. A brief historical background of the mooring systems is given. The kinematics and a simplified kinetic control-design model of a TAPM system are derived in accordance with established control methods, including a quasistatic linearized model for the restoring and damping forces based on low-frequency horizontal motions of the vessel. In addition, another two mooring line models, i.e., the catenary equation and the finite element method model, are presented for the purpose of higher-fidelity simulations. The basic TAPM control strategies are reviewed, including heading control, surge-sway damping, roll–pitch damping (for semisubmersibles), and line break detection and compensation. Details on the concepts of setpoint chasing for optimal positioning of a vessel at the equilibrium position are discussed based on balancing the mooring forces with the environmental loads and avoiding mooring line failure modes. One method for setpoint chasing is the use of a structural reliability index, accounting for both mean mooring line tensions and dynamic effects. Another method is the use of a lowpass filter on the position of the vessel itself, to provide a reference position. The most advanced method seems to be the use of a fault-tolerant control framework that, in addition to direct fault detection and isolation in the mooring system, incorporates minimization of either the low-frequency tensions in the mooring lines or minimization of the reliability indices for the mooring lines to select the optimal directions for the setpoint to move. A hybrid (or supervisory switching) control method is also presented, where a best-fit control law and observer law are automatically selected among a bank of control and observer algorithms based on the supervision of the sea-state and automatic switching logic.     

Validation of a dynamic mooring model coupled with a RANS solver

Standard design procedures and simulation tools for marine structures are aimed primarily for use by the offshore oil and gas. Mooring system restoring forces acting on floating offshore structures are obtained from a quasi-static mooring model alone or from a coupled analysis based on potential flow solvers that do not always consider nonlinear mooring-induced restoring forces, fluid structure interactions, and associated hydrodynamic damping effects. This paper presents the validation of a dynamic mooring system analysis technique that couples the dynamic mooring model with a Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations solver. We coupled a dynamic mooring model with a RANS equations solver, and analyzed a moored floating buoy in calm water, regular and irregular waves and validated our motion and mooring force predictions against experimental measurements. The mooring system consisted of three catenary chains. The analyzed response comprised decaying oscillating buoy motions, linear and quadratic damping characteristics, and tensile forces in mooring lines. The generally favorable comparison of predicted buoy motions and mooring forces to experimental data confirmed the reliability of our implemented coupling technique to predict system response. Additional comparative results from a potential flow solver demonstrated the benefits of the coupled dynamic mooring model with RANS equations. The successful validated tool of coupling the dynamic mooring model with the RANS solver is available as open source, and it shows the potential of the coupled methodology to be used for analyzing the moored offshore structures.     

沉箱孤立墩式结构整体稳定性一般规律

大型原油码头多采用墩式蝶型布置,一般情况下波浪作用是控制沉箱墩式结构整体稳定性的主要外荷载。作为设计波要素,通常选取最大波高及其对应的波周期或最大波周期及其对应的波高进行结构计算,但经多组波要素对比计算表明,并非最大波高或最大波周期为控制工况。参考数模分析群桩系数随波周期变化的成果,研究了作用于小尺度墩柱上的波浪作用随波周期和波高的变化以及沉箱孤立墩式结构整体稳定性的一般规律。     

导管螺旋桨敞水性能数值计算方法研究

为实现快速预报导管螺旋桨敞水性能曲线,利用 CFD流体计算软件对导管螺旋桨敞水试验进行数值模拟。将计算结果绘制成的敞水性能曲线与实验结果进行比较,并对导管螺旋桨的敞水性能进行分析,验证数值模拟计算方法的可行性与准确性。分析螺旋桨敞水工作时的推力、力矩及敞水效率的变化特点发现,随着进速的增大,导管产生的推力不断减小并在高航速下转化为阻力。研究该导管桨在系泊工况下的敞水性能指标,对系泊工况边界条件的设置进行改进。